He mate kanohi tino noa te astigmatism, e puta pinepine ana i te piko o te cornea. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta te astigmatism i te whānautanga mai, ā, i ētahi wā, ka puta te astigmatism mēnā ka pēhia te karu e te chalazion mō te wā roa. Ko te astigmatism, pērā i te myopia, kāore e taea te whakatika. Ko te tikanga, ko te astigmatism i runga ake i te 300 nekehanga ka kiia ko te astigmatism teitei.
He maha ngā raruraru e pā ana ki ngā mōhiti kanohi teitei, inā koa mō ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi. I roto i te mahi tūturu, he maha ngā wā ka tūtaki ā mātou tohunga kanohi ki ngā tāngata he nui te astigmatism. He mea tino nui te whiriwhiri i ngā karaihe me ngā anga e tika ana.
Te rerekētanga whakaahua i waenga i te astigmatism me te myopia
He āhua koretake te āhua o te kornea, ehara i te porowhita engari he porowhita. He rerekē te kaha whakaata i te taha poutū me te taha whakapae. Nō reira, i muri i te whakaata i te mārama o waho e te kornea, kāore e taea te hanga i tētahi arotahi ina tomo ki roto o te kanohi. Engari, ka hanga he rārangi arotahi, ka pōuri te tirohanga o te retina, ka ngaro te tirohanga. Ko ngā raruraru o te astigmatism, inā koa te astigmatism ngawari, kāore pea e nui te pānga ki te tirohanga, engari ko te nui o te astigmatism ka tino pā ki te tirohanga.
Ka puta te myopia ina uru te mārama o waho ki roto i te karu o te kanohi, ā, ka hurihia e te pūnaha whakaata o te kanohi. Kāore e taea e te arotahi o te ahua te taka ki te retina, ka puta te raruraru o te tirohanga pōuri i tawhiti. He rerekētanga nui kei roto i te whakaahua o te myopia me te astigmatism, ā, he tino rerekē hoki i roto i te tukanga tirohanga tuturu. He tokomaha te hunga kāore i te tino mārama ki tēnei, ka puta te pōhēhē.
He tokoiti noa ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e te astigmatism noa, ā, ko te nuinga o rātou he astigmatism tata, he astigmatism tawhiti rānei. I roto i te tukanga o te optometry, he mea tino nui te whakarato whakatikatika whakahaunga i runga i te wehewehe whakaahua i waenga i te astigmatism me te myopia.
Te whakamāramatanga me te whakaaturanga o te astigmatism teitei
Ka wehea te kaha o te astigmatism i runga i te nui. Ko te astigmatism i raro i te 150 nekehanga he astigmatism ngawari, ko te astigmatism i waenga i te 150 me te 300 nekehanga he astigmatism ngawari, ā, ko te astigmatism i runga ake i te 300 nekehanga he astigmatism teitei. Ka taea e te astigmatism teitei te whakararu i ngā kanohi:
1. Ka pā te ānini, te mamae o ngā kanohi, me ētahi atu: Ko te nui o te astigmatism ki te kore e whakatikatikaina, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pā te ānini, te mamae o ngā kanohi, me ētahi atu. Ka taea hoki e ia te arahi ki ngā tūnga kino pērā i te piko o te upoko. Nō reira, me whakatika te hunga he nui te astigmatism.
2. Ngenge tirohanga: Nā te rerekētanga o te kaha whakaata o ia meridian, kāore e taea e te astigmatism te hanga i tētahi arotahi ina whakaatahia te mārama whakarara, engari e rua ngā rārangi arotahi, nō reira ka ngāwari te roro ki te whiriwhiri i ngā mea. Kia mārama ai te tirohanga, me whakatikatika te astigmatism kia taea ai te whakaiti i te rahi o te porowhita horapa hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te ahua. Ki te kore e whakatikahia tika te astigmatism nui, ki te kore rānei he mōhiti, ka ngāwari te pā mai o te ānini, te ngenge tirohanga me ētahi atu tohu, ka māmā ake te whakawhanake i te ngenge tirohanga.
3. Te tirohanga pōuri o ngā mea tata me ngā mea tawhiti: Ko te hunga e pangia ana e te mate kanohi nui ka pōuri te tirohanga o ngā mea tawhiti me ngā mea tata. He maha ngā wā ka whai tikanga ngā tūroro ki te kati haurua i ō rātou kamo, ka whakapiko ki ngā āputa kia mārama ake ai te kite i ngā mea.
4. Te ngaronga o te tirohanga: Mō ngā kanohi e kore e kite i te kanohi, ka mārama ake te tae o te arotahi o te retina, ka pōuriuri ngā taha, ā, ka uaua ki te tautuhi. Ka iti haere te tirohanga, ā, i ngā wā kino, ka puta te tirohanga takirua. Haunga te korenga o te tirohanga ā-tinana, ka taea e ngā momo korenga o te tirohanga te whakaiti i te tirohanga.
5. Te pēhanga ki te karu kanohi: Ko te tikanga, ka whakatikatikahia te astigmatism mā te whakamahi i ngā mōhiti noa, i ngā karaihe whakapā rānei. Mēnā kāore e rongoatia ngā whara me ngā chalazion i runga i ngā kamo i te wā tika, ka pehia te karu kanohi mō te wā roa, ā, ka puta te astigmatism. I ētahi wā, ka taea hoki te hono atu ki te astigmatism me te pseudomyopia. Kia mahara me tango te wāhanga pseudomyopia, ā, ka taea te whakatika i te astigmatism mā te whakamahi i ngā mōhiti.
6. Amblyopia: He nui ake te kitea o te mate i roto i te astigmatism teitei, inā koa te astigmatism hyperopic. Nā te mea he uaua ki te kite mārama i te tawhiti me te tata, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te tirohanga, ka pāngia te amblyopia, ā, ka pāngia te strabismus.
Ngā mōhiti tino astigmatic
He uaua te hanga i ngā karāhe tino astigmatism nā te kaha hohonu. Nō reira, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā karāhe kapia taupū whakaata teitei me ngā hoahoa porowhita hei whakapaipai i ngā karāhe he nui te astigmatism, kia kore ai e tino matotoru. Me mōhio ko ngā karāhe he nui te astigmatism he raupapa karāhe kua whakaritea. Ko te teitei ake o te astigmatism, ko te uaua ake o te whakarite, ā, me hanga he tawhā uaua ake. Mō te astigmatism tino teitei, me whakarato hoki i ngā tawhā anga hei āwhina i te hoahoa karāhe.
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā anga, me whai whakaaro hoki koe ki ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te astigmatism tino teitei. Nā te mea he rerekē te matotoru o te taha o ngā karaihe astigmatism, me tino tupato koe i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā anga. Kōwhiria ngā anga titanium parakore, titanium koranu rānei, he iti noa te whānui whakawhiti, ā, he kaha te pakari o te rauemi. Ka taea hoki e koe te whiriwhiri i ngā anga muka acetate, ngā anga pereti rānei, he pai te whakaiti. Taria.
Kāore i te tūtohutia kia whiriwhiria ngā anga kore-anga, ngā anga haurua-anga rānei. He pai ake te whiriwhiri i ngā anga-anga katoa. I te wā e tukatuka ana, e hanga ana hoki, kia aro nui ki te raruraru o te pekapeka arotahi e whakarerekē ana i te tuaka o te astigmatism o te arotahi nā te hangarau whakauru ngoikore me ngā taputapu pumau.
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā anga tino astigmatic:
A. Whakanuia ngā rauemi mama
Ko te taumaha o te rauemi o te anga tētahi o ngā mea e pā ana ki te taumaha o ngā mōhiti. Mō te hunga he nui te matapōkere, i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā anga, me aro nui atu koe ki ngā rauemi pēnei i te titanium parakore, te waro tungsten, ngā pepa angiangi, me te TR90. Ko ngā anga i hangaia ki ēnei rauemi he māmā ake te mau, he ngāwari ake hoki te mau. He tino whakamarie, he pakari, ā, kāore e ngāwari te whakapē.
B. Anga katoa>Anga haurua>Anga kore anga
Ko te nuinga o te wā, he matotoru ake ngā karaihe mō te hunga he nui te astigmatism, ā, ka kitea ngā karaihe e ngā anga kore-awhi me ngā anga kore-awhi, ā, ka pāngia te āhua anake, ka ngāwari hoki te whakapēkē i ngā anga, ka huri te tawhiti waenga o ngā karaihe me te tuaka astigmatism o ngā karaihe, ka pā ki te pānga whakatikatika. He pai ake te hunga he nui te astigmatism ki te whiriwhiri i ngā anga anga-katoa.
C. Ehara te anga nui i te kōwhiringa pai
Ko te hunga e mau ana i ngā mōhiti anga nui mō te wā roa, ka heke pea te tirohanga, ka whāiti hoki te tirohanga. Mēnā ka mau mō te wā roa, ka pōuri pea, ka pōuri hoki. He taumaha ngā mōhiti anga nui, ā, kāore e pai mō te hunga he nui te matapōkere o te kanohi. Mā te mau mō te wā roa ka pēhia te ihu, ka ngāwari pea te whakarerekē i te āhua o te piriti o te ihu i roto i te wā.
He maha ngā tawhā nui mō te tirohanga kanohi me ngā mōhiti, pērā i te diopter me te tawhiti i waenga i ngā karu. Mēnā e mau ana koe i ngā mōhiti anga-rahi, me aro nui koe ki te ōrite o te pūwāhi tawhiti e pā ana ki te pokapū o ngā karu e rua ki te tūranga tawhiti o te karu o tō kanohi. Mēnā he peka ke, ahakoa he tika te whakahaunga o ngā mōhiti, ka pāngia koe e te mamae i muri i te mau i ngā mōhiti. Ngāna ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi anga he iti ake te whānui o te whakaata, ā, ngana ki te pupuri i te teitei o runga me raro kia iti ake, kia kore ai e whakaitihia te whakamarie nā te rerekētanga o te taha.
D. Kōwhiria he anga he tata te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā mōhiti.
Ko te tawhiti kanohi-kanohi e pā ana ki te tawhiti i waenganui i te pito o muri o te arotahi me te pito o mua o te kornea. He arotahi porotaka ngā arotahi whakatikatika astigmatism. Mēnā ka piki ake te tawhiti kanohi-kanohi, ka heke te kaha whakaata whai hua (ka nui ake te nekehanga, ka nui ake te whakaiti), ā, ka heke anō hoki te tirohanga kua whakatikatikaina. Me iti rawa te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā mōhiti o ngā mōhiti tino astigmatism. Mō te whiriwhiri i te momo anga me te whakatikatika anga, me ngana koe ki te whiriwhiri i ngā papa ihu, i ngā arotahi rānei he tata te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā mōhiti.
E. Kaua e whiriwhiri i ngā anga he angiangi rawa ngā tuanui
Ki te angiangi rawa ngā rākau, ka kore e ōrite te kaha o mua me muri o te anga, ka māmā ake te taumaha o te anga ki runga, ā, ka tau te nuinga o te taumaha ki te piriti o te ihu, ka ngawari te heke o ngā mōhiti ki raro, ā, ka pāngia te whakamarie o te mau. Ki te pāngia koe e te astigmatism (ina koa ko ērā he astigmatism waenga ki te teitei), i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā mōhiti, me whiriwhiri e koe ngā anga e tika ana mō te tawhiti i waenga i ngā kamo.
Te awe o te tūnga o te tuaka o te astigmatism ki ngā mōhiti
Ko te awhe o te tuaka o te astigmatism he 1-180 nekehanga. Ka arotahi ahau ki te kōwhiringa o ngā anga mō ngā tuaka o te astigmatism 180 me te 90.
Tuatahi, me mōhio tātou ko te tuaka o te astigmatism kei te 180°, kātahi ko te matotoru kei te 90° (te ahunga poutū). Nō reira, kaua te teitei o te anga o te anga e whiriwhiria e tātou e teitei. Ki te whiriwhiri tātou i tētahi anga he anga iti, ka memeha haere te matotoru o te ahunga poutū, ā, ka māmā ake, ka angiangi ake ngā karaihe ka puta. (Ki te teitei te anga, ka porowhita noa iho; ki te iti te anga, ka tapawhā noa iho.)
Engari, ki te 90 te tūnga o te tuaka, ka 180 te matotoru (te ahunga whakapae). He maha ngā wā kei waho te wāhanga matotoru rawa, ā, ka tāpirihia te matotoru o te astigmatism ki waho, nō reira ka whakanuia te matotoru. Nō reira, me iti ake, me angiangi ake te anga, arā, ko te tata atu o te whānui o te arotahi + te whānui o te hihi pokapū ki tō tawhiti i waenga i ngā kamo, ka angiangi ake. Me whiriwhiri he arotahi taupū teitei ake kia kore ai e kitea te matotoru.
I roto i te whakaurunga o ngā mōhiti, he maha ngā wā ka whakahē te "whakamarie" me te "mārama" ā, he uaua ki te whakataurite. He nui ake te kitea o tēnei whakahē i roto i ngā mōhiti he astigmatism te kanohi. Me urutau te māramatanga, engari kāore te whakamarie e tohu i te māramatanga. Hei tauira, ko te kore e mau mōhiti te mea tino whakamarie, engari kāore i te tino mārama.
He tairongo ake ngā mōhiti he nui te astigmatism, ā, me āta whakaaroaro ki ngā mahi tirotiro kanohi me ngā rongoā. Mēnā ka tūtaki koe ki te astigmatism nui, me aro koe ki te ōritetanga o te anga/arotahi ki te tohu astigmatism me te tūnga o te tuaka kia kore ai e amuamu, e kore hoki e pai te āhua o te hua.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 17-2023