I te wera o te rangi, ka piki haere te tokomaha o te hunga e whiriwhiri ana ki te mau i ngā mōhiti kanohi hei tiaki i ō rātou kanohi. E wehea ana ngā mōhiti kanohi rongonui ki ngā mōhiti kanohi tae me ngā mōhiti kanohi porowhita. Ahakoa he kaihoko, he pakihi rānei, ehara i te mea hou ngā mōhiti kanohi porowhita.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Pōraritanga
Ko te pōraihana, e mōhiotia ana ko te mārama pōraihana, e pā ana ki te mārama e kitea ana he ngaru whakawhiti, ko tōna ahunga wiri e poutū ana ki te ahunga horapa. Ko te ahunga wiri o te mārama taiao he mea āhua noa i roto i te papa e poutū ana ki te ahunga horapa; mō te mārama pōraihana, ko tōna ahunga wiri e herea ana ki tētahi ahunga motuhake i tētahi wā.
Whakarōpūtanga Pōraro
E toru ngā momo o te whakapōraruraru: te whakapōraruraru rārangi, te whakapōraruraru porowhita, me te whakapōraruraru porowhita. Ko te tikanga, ko te whakapōraruraru e pā ana ki te whakapōraruraru rārangi, e mōhiotia ana ko te whakapōraruraru papatahi. Ka pumau te wiri o tēnei momo ngaru mārama i runga i tētahi ahunga motuhake, ā, kāore e rerekē. Ko tōna ara horapa i te wāhi e whai ana i tētahi kōpiko sinusoidal, ā, ko tōna whakaaturanga i runga i te papatahi e poutū ana ki te ahunga horapa he rārangi tika.
Ko te papa i hangaia e te ahunga wiri o te mārama porowhita rārangi me te ahunga horapa ka kiia ko te papa wiri, ā, ko te papa poutū ki te ahunga wiri, kei roto nei te ahunga horapa ka kiia ko te papa porowhita. Mā te tuku i te mārama taiao mā roto i te porowhita ka taea te whakaputa i te mārama porowhita rārangi.
Te Mahi o te Pōraritanga
I roto i te oranga o ia rā, he maha ngā pūtake mārama e whakaputa ana i te mārama kino, inā koa te rā. E toru ngā momo mārama e tukuna ana e te rā: te mārama e kitea ana, te mārama whero-whero, me te mārama ultraviolet (UV). I roto i ēnei, ka taea e te mārama ultraviolet te whakararu nui i te kiri me ngā kanohi. Ko te whānuitanga o te mārama e kitea ana mai i te 380 ki te 780 nanometer, ko te mārama ultraviolet ka wehea anō ki te UVA, UVB, me te UVC, me ngā roangaru neke atu i te 310nm. He hihi kino te UVA, UVB, me te UVC. Ka taea e te roa o te pānga ki ēnei hihi te whakararu i te tinana. He pānga nui te UVB ki te tirohanga, ā, koia anō hoki te "hihi tanning" e whakapouri ana i te kiri. Ko te nuinga o ngā kokonga o te kanohi ka mimiti i tēnei momo mārama UVB, nō reira he mea nui kia āraihia tēnei pūtake mārama.
Ngā karaihe whakapōroheHe mahi ā rātou hei whakapūmau i te mārama, e āhei ai rātou ki te aukati i te mārama kino me te kore e pā ki te tuku o te mārama e kitea ana, ā, mā reira ka tiakina ngā kanohi. Haunga te mahi taketake o te tiaki UV, he mahi ā-anti-kanapa anō hoki ā ngā karāhe whakapūmau, whakaata rori, me te kanapa o te mata wai, e pai ai mō te taraiwa, te hī ika, te haereere, me te mau i ia rā.
Te Hanganga o ngā Arotahi Pōrariki
Ki te kī a te tangata noa,ngā karaihe porowhitaHe rite te hanganga o ngā karaihe mō te hunga e kite tata ana ki te mahi a te karu (he paparanga o mua o ngā mōhiti kanohi, he paparanga o waenganui o ngā muka whakapōro, me te paparanga o muri o ngā karaihe mō te hunga e kite tata ana ki te mahi, kua whakapirihia katoatia). Ko te taupū whakaata o te rauemi karaihe e whakamahia whānuitia ana he 1.50 (he 1.60 anō hoki, engari he nui ake te utu). He matotoru, he taumaha hoki ngā karaihe, ā, ki te neke atu te whakahaunga i te 600°, ka pāngia te ataahua me te whakamarie. He whānui te awhe utu o ngā karaihe whakapōro mō te hunga e kite tata ana ki te mahi, ā, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pumau me te kounga o te tukanga a te kaihanga whakaputa.
He āwhina ngā karāhe porowhita ki te tātari i ētahi mārama marara (pērā i te pānga kume o ngā arai), engari he rerekētanga nui te kounga. Ko ngā karāhe porowhita kounga iti ka ngāwari ki te wehe me te ngatata, ā, he maha kāore e tutuki i ngā paerewa whatu.
Ngā Rauemi o ngā Arotahi Pōrariki
E whā ngā momo noa ongā karaihe porowhitakei te mākete: ngā arotahi karāhe, ngā arotahi kapia, ngā arotahi PC, me ngā arotahi TAC.
① Ngā karaihe arotahi
Ahakoa he ātete ki te rakuraku, he pai hoki te mahi whatu, nā te taumaha me ngā take haumaru i heke haere ai te whakamahinga.
② Ngā karaihe kapia
He māmā te tae, he mama, he ātete hoki ki te pānga, ā, koinei tētahi o ngā rauemi matua mō ngā mōhiti kanohi rongonui. Heoi, he ngāwari te pakaru o ngā karāhe kapia i te wā e tapahia ana ngā taha, ā, ka tūpono tonu he tūponotanga haumaru ina pāngia nui.
③ Ngā karaihe TAC
Ko te TAC tētahi o ngā rauemi mārama teitei-ngota. Ko ngā karāhe TAC hei mōhiti kanohi he āhuatanga pēnei i te ātete ki te waikawa me te kawakore, te mama, me te utu nui. Heoi, he iti te ātete ki te pakū me ngā āhuatanga whatu kore pumau o ngā karāhe TAC. Ahakoa te iti o te utu, kua whakarērea e te nuinga o ngā waitohu rongonui o tāwāhi.
④ Ngā arotahi rorohiko
He mama, he pai te mahi tae, he kaha ake te ātete ki ngā pānga, ā, he nui ake te utu.
Ka taea e ngā karāhe PC te wikitoria i ngā raruraru ahotea porowhita me te astigmatism i puta mai i te whakarerekētanga o ngā karāhe TAC tuku iho i muri i te anga. He tino kaha te ātete pānga (60 ngā wā i te karāhe karaihe, 20 ngā wā i te karāhe TAC, me te 10 ngā wā i te karāhe kapia) ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mara rererangi me te ope taua. I taua wā anō, he mama ngā karāhe PC, he 37% te mama ake i ngā karāhe kapia noa.
Te Wehenga i waenganui iNgā Arotahi PōroitiMe ngā Arotahi Tae
Ko te mahi a ngā karaihe tae he whakaiti i te mārama anake, ā, kāore e taea te tātari i te mārama. Ka taea anake e rātou te whakaiti i te kaha o te kanapa, te mārama ultraviolet, me ētahi atu, ā, kāore e taea te ārai katoa i ēnei hihi mārama kino. I taua wā anō, nā te iti o te mārama, ka pā ki te tuku o ngā karaihe, ka tū hei tūponotanga haumaru mō te hunga e mau ana.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-29-2023